5 Reasons Why Every Author Should Start a Journal

5 Reasons Why Every Author Should Start a Journal Considered one of the most important 20th-century writers and a master of the stream of consciousness narrative device, Virginia Woolf was an avid diarist. Having experienced a traumatic childhoodâ€"including the death of her mother when Woolf was only 13 years old, a mental breakdown, and sexual abuseâ€"the diaries she left behind give us an extraordinary glimpse into the life and mind of one of the most influential authors in 20th century British literature. Without these journals, much of Woolfs influence on narrative style, particularly stream of consciousness as a narrative device and early feminist thought, would not have happened.Woolf was also aware of how much the process of journaling affected her life as a writer. From a diary entry dated April 20th, 1919, she writes:I got out this diary and read, as one always does read ones own writing, with a kind of guilty intensity. I confess that the rough and random style of it, often so ungrammatical, and crying for a word altered, afflicted me somewhat. I am trying to tell whichever self it is that reads this hereafter that I can write very much better; and take no time over this; and forbid her to let the eye of man behold it. And now I may add my little compliment to the effect that it has a slapdash and vigour and sometimes hits an unexpected bulls eye. But what is more to the point is my belief that the habit of writing thus for my own eye only is good practice. It loosens the ligaments. Never mind the misses and the stumbles. Going at such a pace as I do I must make the most direct and instant shots at my object, and thus have to lay hands on words, choose them and shoot them with no more pause than is needed to put my pen in the ink.From A Writers Diary by Virginia WoolfVirginia Woolf was not the only writer who developed much of her writing style via journaling. Before her and after her, writers have used the process of keeping a journal as a way to develop their craft and look deeply into themselves as creatives. Simply put, if you are a writer and do not keep a journal, you are missing out on a valuable tool that can help you in your personal and creative life.Lets discuss some of the many ways keeping a journal can help you as a writer.Photo by Hannah Olinger on UnsplashYou learn your personal thought and behavior patternsWhen we journal as writers and authors, we take a moment to get to know ourselves on a deeper level. Thoughts that might be otherwise fleeting (if not written down) are saved and kept, to be revisited laterâ€"whether as self-reflection or measuring the changes that have occurred in ones mind and life.In the process of journaling, we find ourselves looking at our own nature. We examine the things that make us afraid, the things we try to hide from the rest of the world and our families, and even the things we have thought that would never make it past our lips in words to someone else. A journal, in this sense, is like a dear, nonjudgmental friendâ€"someone t o whom we can tell anything and everything and not feel as if the words will be held against us in any way.It is free therapyIf youre a writer, you already know that along with the ability to craft a great poem or story is a disposition that leans toward feeling too much. The same trait that makes you the writer you are can also make you struggle in a world that weighs heavy on the creative soul. Journaling, in this sense, becomes a form of free therapy in which you can explore the traits youve carried that youd like to be rid of, or the reoccurring problems in your life that youd like to move past.Consider this entry, taken from The Diaries of Franz Kafka 1910-1913One advantage in keeping a diary is that you become aware with reassuring clarity of the changes which you constantly suffer and which in a general way are naturally believed, surmised, and admitted by you, but which youll unconsciously deny when it comes to the point of gaining hope or peace from such an admission. In th e diary you find proof that in situations which today would seem unbearable, you lived, looked around and wrote down observations, that this right hand moved then as it does today, when we may be wiser because we are able to look back upon our former condition, and for that very reason have got to admit the courage of our earlier striving in which we persisted even in sheer ignorance.The Diaries of Franz Kafka 1910-1913It helps you develop your voiceThe simple act of writing daily will do wonders for developing your voice as a writer. Accessing your thoughts, feelings, trepidations and memoriesâ€"then putting them in written formâ€"allows you to practice a narrative voice that is uniquely yours. This daily practice will develop into a clear, distinct, voice that can then be used in your fiction, even though it is rooted in a nonfiction world.Anaïs Nin, a French-American essayist, short-story writer, and diarist, put it like this: The diary taught me that it is in the moments of emo tional crisis that human beings reveal themselves most accurately. I learned to choose the heightened moments because they are the moments of revelation.Photo by Hannah Olinger on UnsplashThere is an emphasis on process over productWhen you journal, you dont do it with the intention of it being read by an audience. Although, lets face itâ€"if you ever become a famous writer, your journals are likely to be published (think…Anaïs Nin, Sylvia Plath, Virginia Wolf, etc.) Since its not written for an audience and there is no one to judge what is being written as good or bad (or just mediocre), the emphasis then is on the process of writing versus the product that results.As with anythingâ€"the more you practice, the better you become at whatever you are practicing. While journaling might be different than writing a novel, it is still practice in the process of writing. You are still putting words on the page and finding your voice through a wide spectrum of thoughts, feelings, and emo tions. This adds to your experience as a writer, even if the product (or journal) is never published.Joan Didion, an American journalist, novelist, and screenplay writer, puts it like this:Why did I write it down? In order to remember, of course, but exactly what was it I wanted to remember? How much of it actually happened? Did any of it? Why do I keep a notebook at all? It is easy to deceive oneself on all those scores. The impulse to write things down is a peculiarly compulsive one, inexplicable to those who do not share it, useful only accidentally, only secondarily, in the way that any compulsion tries to justify itself. I suppose that it begins or does not begin in the cradle. Although I have felt compelled to write things down since I was five years old, I doubt that my daughter ever will, for she is a singularly blessed and accepting child, delighted with life exactly as life presents itself to her, unafraid to go to sleep and unafraid to wake up. Keepers of private notebook s are a different breed altogether, lonely and resistant rearrangers of things, anxious malcontents, children afflicted apparently at birth with some presentiment of loss.On Keeping a Notebook by Joan DidionIt encourages personal growthIn much the same way journaling makes space for therapeutic self-discovery, it also creates room for personal growth. In the process of writing down the events of your lifeâ€"whether insignificant or significantâ€"and analyzing those events (as well as your reaction to them), youll start to see patterns emerge. If those patterns continue to bring toxic people or thoughts into your life, it will become clear eventually, and youll begin to see the necessity of breaking them. If those patterns bring positive relationships and events to your life, youll see the necessity of keeping them. In doing so, this part of journaling encourages personal growth and the removal of negativity from your life.Jonathan Franzen, an American novelist and essayist, explains the process like this:I had started keeping a journal, and I was discovering that I didnt need school in order to experience the misery of appearances. I could manufacture excruciating embarrassment in the privacy of my bedroom, simply by reading what Id written in the journal the day before. Its pages faithfully mirrored by fraudulence and pomposity and immaturity. Reading it made me desperate to change myself, to sound less idiotic. As George Benson had stressed in Then Joy Breaks Through, the experiences of growth and self-realization, even of ecstatic joy, were natural processes available to believers and nonbelievers alike. And so I declared private war on stagnation and committed myself privately to personal growth. The Authentic Relationship I wanted now was with the written page.From The Discomfort Zone: A Personal History

Doc on Terra - 626 Words

Running head: DOCUMENTARIES ON TERRORISM Documentaries on Terrorism by Donna Browne A Paper Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for CJ 212 Heroism Saint Thomas Aquinas Collage Fall 2011 How is Terrorism Financed Introduction As we live is this world we are faced with all types of diversities. However the main diversity that the world has been facing is terrorism. Within the last decade, terrorism has hit the United States hard. Before the last ten years, The United States have seen signs and acts of terrorism. Before September 11, The United States law enforcements and security forces where not on the same sheet of music of getting information or sharing†¦show more content†¦At least, that was the impression it gave, even if it was illegal and causes the braking of some laws. This documentary clearly shows that the amendments rights where broken. This was done by tapping into phone calls and getting access to everyone’s personal life. There were a lot of civilians where not in agreement with being spied on by the Government. The president at the time, made it seem like he was doing his job and that was what he needed to do to protect the citizens of United States. The documentary showed proof that the CIA was using cell phones companies to tap into citizen’s phones lines and getting banking information from casino’s when people are on vacation such as Vegas. This was not only illegal, but was not constitutional. Laws were broken and no agency wanted to take responsibility for their actions. Conclusion A lot has changed over the past years when it comes to the government agencies. The governments are working together, sharing critical information, not worried about the fame and are more concern about the welfare of the citizens. However, terrorism well never stop because someone will always have motives as long as The United States are a super power country. 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Analytical Study Of Tribal Behavior And Body Ritual Among...

In this week’s assignment, we will discuss Horace Miner’s analytical study of tribal behavior and Body Ritual among the Nacirema tribe by answering the following questions. First was I surprised when the true identity of the Nacirema tribe was revealed? Then how does Body Ritual among the Nacirema help us understand our own view of other cultures and how we are viewed by other cultures? Next why do some of the practices and rituals of other cultures seem odd or foreign to us? Finally, how do our own cultural norms affect our understanding and perception of other cultures? The Identity of the Nacirema Tribe To start off we were assigned to read the research paper written by Horace Miner Nacirema tribe and the first question to answer is was I as the author of this paper surprised by the true identity of the tribe? The answer to that question is no I was not surprised by the tribe’s true identity. I do not consider myself a super smart person or really knowledgeable in the field of sociology but I believe I have a good knowledge of basic American history. With this background I was able to decipher the clues that Horace Miner put in his paper about the true identity of the Tribe. Some of these clues included the location of the tribe being in North America between Canada and Mexico (Miner, 1956). Another clue was the description of one of the tribe’s heroes that in his lifetime chopped down a cherry tree of truth and crossed a great river (Miner, 1956). For me both of these

Code-switching The Effects for Students and Teachers Free Essays

Introduction In the current global economic climate, the ability to speak English has become an important business tool. English has essentially become the â€Å"universal second language† of the international labour market, and the socio-economic significance of this cannot be overstated (Light, 2007: 9). It is now commonplace for many universities across the world to teach courses in English as well the native language of their country. We will write a custom essay sample on Code-switching: The Effects for Students and Teachers or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the most apparent consequences of this has been the widespread use of code-switching, where multiple languages are spoken in everyday communication. As such, code-switching is often seen as a social as well as a linguistic medium. This paper will attempt to demonstrate the causes and effects of code-switching in bilingual classes. The Definition of Code-switching Code-switching involves the use of multiple languages, where speakers of additional languages incorporate alternate linguistic elements into their source language. As such, two or more languages may be spoken alternately during a conversation. Chan et al (2009) usefully describe code-switching as â€Å"the intra-sentential switching of two different languages in a spoken utterance† (Chan et al, 2009: 281). The Causes and Effects of Using of Code-switching in an Academic Context The academic use of code-switching involves a more complex and random effect than can be fully explained by a students ability to speak in a certain language. Recent (debatable) research has identified reasons behind the occurrence of code-switching and the extent to which the process of learning has been affected. A large number of situations are considered to be causes of code-switching, one of which is linked to gaps in students’ linguistic ability. As a result, students may engage in code-switching in order to overcome linguistic shortcomings; however this cause may be considered a weak justification. In other cases, a lack of one or more words in either language may lead to code-switching. That is to say, bilinguals make clear that they code-switch when they cannot find the correct expression or term. Often the target language simply does not have the exact word needed in order to maintain a discussion smoothly, and code-switching is necessary. In addition, code-switching can have a positive impact in an academic context. An important teaching skill is the ability to transfer knowledge to students in a clear and efficient manner, and so code-switching can be a useful tool in the classroom for both teachers and students (Bista, 2010: 1). Code-switching may also be used to emphasize a point, or to add more force to a phrase. On a psychological level, learners often code-switch when they feel tired or angry. For example when the speaker is in a good mood, the appropriate word or expression in their second language is easily identified. However if the speaker is distracted in any way, they may find it difficult to grasp the correct word. In a purely linguistic capacity, code-switching may be used to compliment a statement, where it can particularly reinforce an intention or meaning of the speaker. Although sometimes viewed as linguistic incompetence this is not always the case. Code-switching will often occur when the speaker wishes to compensate for a lack of a verbal equivalent in the second language. Baker (2007) describes this well: â€Å"Words or phrases in two languages may not correspond exactly, and the bilingual may switch to one language to express a concept that has no equivalent in the culture of the other language† (Baker, 2007:108). There are also personal and social reasons for code-switching in that one’s choice of words can represent an expression of their personality. Allatson (2007) suggests factors that can lead to code-switching as location, class, gender and age. In addition the relationship between the speakers; the formal or informal nature of the conversation and the social status of the speakers can also be factors (Allatson, 2007: 73). Another social explanation is that speakers tend to code switch to attract attention. In Saudi Arabia, for example, code-switching is often used among teenagers to draw the attention of their colleagues. Furthermore they switch from Arabic to English to show that they are confident about themselves. In general, code-switching effects are widely perceived as negative. Namely, there is a tendency to view code-switching as barrier to learning and as being disruptive to the learning environment. Accordingly, the practice has been considered as a sign of linguistic deficiency. Li (2008) notes that despite code-switching being commonplace in both the speech and writing of multilingual societies (often with English as the second language), it is usually frowned upon by multilingual speakers within these societies. (Li, 2008: 76). In an academic context, studies by Arrifin and Husin (2011) have observed that learners with a greater linguistic ability often see code-switching as and obstacle to becoming fluent in a second language. Their findings indicated that students with a degree of competence in English found it difficult to make progress in an environment of code-switching (Arrifin et al, 2011: 221). Other studies have reached similar conclusions. Bista (2010) conducted a study in the US which found that code-switching not only had a negative impact on the linguistic learning ability of students, but also highlighted lack of ability in the second language as a primary cause of code-switching (Bista, 2010: 1). Others have a different view however, in particular that code-switching may be perceived as ‘linguistic resourcefulness’. Baker (2007) argues that users of code-switching show impressive cognitive, linguistic, and social skills. In his view code-switchers may be preserving the meaning of their original statement by overcoming the lack of a suitable word in the second language (Baker, 2007: 56-57). Surveys of a number of English language students have reported that they view code-switching as having a considerable influence on the learning process. From their perspective, code-switching assists in understanding the more complex linguistic elements of the second language. It may also help in the translation from their first language to the target one. Conclusion It may apparently be concluded that the impression of code-switching as a barrier to learning seems to be the prevalent view amongst both learners and teachers, and that any positive effects of code-switching are not yet widely recognised. As a consequence of this, it would be reasonable to assume that the attitude of both teachers and students towards code-switching may have been somewhat influenced by this common viewpoint. In the near future however, signs are that code-switching may possibly be seen as a tool for learning. In that event, some restrictions on the use of code-switching must be established by teachers in the classroom, and learners should code-switch only when there is an in urgent case. Eventually, it might yet become a beneficial tool for both learners and teachers. References Allatson, P., 2007. Key terms in Latino/a cultural and literary studies, Oxford: Blackwell. Baker, C., 2007. A Parents’ and Teachers’ Guide to Bilingualism, Clevedon: MPG Books. Light, I., 2007. ‘Global Entrepreneurship and Transnationalism’. In Ed. L. Paul Dana. Handbook of Research on Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship: a Co-evolutionary View on Resource Management, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. pp.3-15. Arrifin, K. and M. Susanti Husin, 2011. ‘Code-switching and Code-mixing of English and Bahasa Malaysia in Content-Based Classrooms: Frequency and Attitudes’. The Linguistics Journal, June, pp.220-47. Bista, K., 2010. ‘Factors of Code Switching among Bilingual English Students In the University Classroom: A Survey’. English for Specific Purposes World, Volume 9, pp.1-19. Chan, J. Y. C., H. Cao, P. C. Ching, T. Lee, 2009. ‘Automatic Recognition of Cantonese-English Code-Mixing Speech’. Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processes, September, pp.281-304. Li, D. C. S., 2008. ‘Understanding Mixed Code and Classroom Code-Switching: Myths and Realities’. New Horizons in Education, December, pp.75-87. How to cite Code-switching: The Effects for Students and Teachers, Essay examples

Risk Management Insurance Industry in Queensland Australia

Introduction Risk management is a very crucial aspect in all fields of life. It is even more important when it comes to the business world that is faced by a variety of risks (both financial and non financial), which could lead to losses and to the extreme; it may lead to close down of business organizations.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Risk Management: Insurance Industry in Queensland Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Risk management entails the process of carefully identifying, assessing and prioritizing risk in a given setting, industry or business organization (Rowe, Mason, Dickel and Snyder 1989). It also involves the strategic application of the available resources in an effort to reduce, scrutinize, and manage the probability and effects of the risks while at the same time trying to maximize opportunities for better performance of a business (Chapman and Ward 1997). This piece of work will give an in depth discussion of the aspect of risk management in businesses. Much emphasis will be given to the issue of climate change and how it influences the flood risk in Queensland Australia and its effects to businesses affected. The insurance industry will be the main focus. Discussion There are various business risks with each being associated with different effects and hence necessitating different mitigation strategies. Climate change in any given part of the world could be linked to a variety of risk factors depending on the situation and the particular risk involved (NSW Department of Environment and Climate Change October 2007). Floods in Queensland, Australia are a major risk to not only personal lives but also to businesses and hence the need for effective risk management practices (Department of Finance1991). Transport is very much affected by the floods leading to delays, loss and damages of products in transits in a given business. Delays in delivery of the p roducts means delay in production processes and also delay in making deliveries to consumers (Grey 1995). Insurance industry is related to all forms of businesses where various activities and products are insured for instance against risks such as damages, floods, losses or fire.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In regard to flood risk in Queensland Australia, the insurance industry has had a rough time in the process of managing the risk for instance in terms of compensations. This is because the risk is so prevalent. All in all, the insurance industry has taken responsibility of providing maps of areas that are at high risk of flood. It also cooperates with the government in mitigating and managing flood (Cooper, Grey, Raymond and Walker 2004). Although it is hard to ascertain the risk caused or associated with floods in Australia, there exist some ways through whi ch it could be estimated, for example through the impacts suffered (Tweeddale 2003). The major problem of the insurance industry however comes in the process of ascertaining the real floods threats for the purpose of compensation. This is because there may be chances of people claiming compensation from insurance companies even when the risk suffered is not associated with floods. According to Anonymous (2011), revenue for different crops such as fruits and vegetables declined following floods in Australia. The insurance industry has been experiencing difficulties in understanding and pricing floods and this has led to obstacle in achieving market available for insurance cover (BTE 2001). According to Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (2011), it is evident that the risks linked to floods are very harmful to businesses. For this reason, there is dire need to come up with ways through which the risk can be managed. There are various strategies that could be applied in an effort to mitigate the risk including identification of threats and opportunities so as improve performance through maximizing opportunities and reducing threats (Vose 2000; The Royal Society of London 1992). It also requires rigorous thinking where the aspect of managing risk should be integrated with the overall decision making process in an organization (Coag 2004). An organization should also set up strategies that aim at being prepared for any form of risk so as to minimize the negative effects (The National Flood Risk Advisory Group 2008).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Risk Management: Insurance Industry in Queensland Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Effective communication is also a strategy that ought to contribute to better risk management. This is because risk management occurs in a social context and hence the need to involve all the stakeholders for effecti ve action to be taken (Sai Global 1999; Kaplan and Norton 2000). Cox, Gutteridge and Davey (2001) asserts that the task of managing flood risk is very much involving and for this reason, it ought not to be left for a single individual or party. Instead, various parties should join hands in making the situation better for the best of everyone involved. They include individuals, the government, non governmental organizations and other corporate bodies (International Standard ISO/FDIS 31000 2009). When all the above named parties are effectively involved in the process of risk management for instance the floods, there are usually fewer surprises due to preparedness and there is also exploitation of all the available opportunities due to proper understanding. The combined efforts also lead to improved planning, performance, and effectiveness. There is also the issue of enhanced accountability, governance and assurance due to transparency. Economy is also achieved in the course of risk m anagement (Arnold 2008; Insurance Council of Australia not dated). According to Department of Transport and Regional Services, Canberra EMA (1999), Climate change issue and its effect on floods risk in particular have played a great role in Tasmania. Tasmania is an Australian island that is very significant due to the wealth it holds in terms of natural resources, most of them being underexploited. The fact that this is an island makes the risk of flooding to be very involving mainly due to the aspect of mobility of people and goods from this place to the neighbouring areas as well as from the neighbouring areas to the island. In the recent past, Tasmania has been faced with a number of risks including the Tasmanian fires which claimed a significant number of lives and property. Floods are also a notable phenomenon in this island. The collapse of the main bridge, Tasman Bridge exacerbated this issue making crossing over to different directions difficult. This did not only affect the mobility of individuals but also of products and services thus affecting various businesses (Rawlings-Way, Worby and Mocatta 2008).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion From the above discussion, it is evident that the risk of flood is very influential. It is associated with a number of losses and damages particularly in the contemporary business world. The insurance industry in Australia is very touched by the issue of floods due to the fact the risk is very prevalent and affects various sectors of the economy for instance agriculture and tourism industries. Reference List Anonymous, 2011. Economic impact of Queensland’s natural disasters, PWC. Arnold, M., 2008. The Role of Risk Transfer and Insurance in Disaster Risk Reduction  and Climate Change Adoption Available [online] from Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences, 2011. The impact of recent flood events on commodities, ABARES Special Report BTE, 2001. Economic Cost of Natural Disasters in Australia. Report 103, Bureau of Transport Economics, Canberra. Chapman, C.B. and Ward, S.C., 1997. Project Risk Management: Processes, Techniques and Insig hts. Chichester, John Wiley Sons Coag, 2004. Natural Disasters in Australia. Reforming Mitigation, Relief and Recovery Arrangements. A report to the Council of Australian Governments by a high level officials’ group, August 2002 Cooper, D.F. Grey, S.J., Raymond G.A. and Walker P.R.,2004. Project Risk Management Guidelines: Managing Risk in Large Projects and Complex Procurements. Chichester, John Wiley Sons Cox, G, Gutteridge H and Davey, 2001. Analysis of Community Attitudes of Flood Related Risks Volumes 1 and 2, Hawkesbury Nepean Floodplain Management Strategy, Parramatta. Department of Finance, 1991. Handbook of Cost Benefit Analysis, Australia, Australian Government Publishing Service. Department of Transport and Regional Services, Canberra. EMA, 1999. Managing the Floodplain. Australian Emergency Management Series, Part 3, Volume 3, Guide 3, Emergency Management Australia, Canberra. Grey, S., 1995. Practical Risk Assessment for Project Management, Chichester, John Wil ey Sons Insurance Council of Australia, not dated. Flood Insurance in Australia – some useful Information, Current Issues Brief International Standard ISO/FDIS 31000, 2009. Risk management — Principles and guidelines, ISO/FDIS 31000 Kaplan and Norton, 2000. Having trouble with strategy? Then map it, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 78, No. 5, September-October 2000. NSW Department of Environment and Climate Change October, 2007, Floodplain Risk Management Guideline on Residential Flood Damages. Rawlings-Way, C., Worby, M. and Mocatta, G., 2008. Tasmania, New York, Lonely Planet Rowe, A.J., Mason, R.O., Dickel, K.E., and Snyder, N.H., 1989. Strategic Management: A Methodological Approach, Third Edition, Reading, MA Addison-Wesley Sai Global, 1999. Risk Management Guidelines Companion to AS/NZS 4360:2004. Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand The National Flood Risk Advisory Group, 2008. Flood risk management in Australia, The Australian Journal of Emergency Management , Vol. 23 No. 4, November 2008 The Royal Society of London, 1992. Risk: Analysis, perception and management. London, The Royal Society Tweeddale, H.M. 2003. Managing Risk and Reliability of Process Plants. Amsterdam, Gulf Professional Publishing Vose, D, 2000. Risk Analysis: A Quantitative Guide. Chichester, John Wiley Sons This research paper on Risk Management: Insurance Industry in Queensland Australia was written and submitted by user Iman1 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Become a School Principal

How to Become a School Principal Not everyone is meant to become a school principal. Some educators make the transition well while others figure out that it is more difficult than one might think. A school principal’s day can be long and stressful. You have to be organized, solve problems, manage people well, and be able to separate your personal life from your professional life. If you cannot do those four things, you will not last long as a principal. It takes a remarkable person to deal with all the negatives that you are forced to handle as a school principal. You listen to constant complaints from parents, teachers, and students. You have to deal with all kinds of discipline issues. You attend virtually every extra-curricular activity. If you have an ineffective teacher in your building, then it is your job to help them improve or get rid of them. If your test scores are low, it is ultimately a reflection of you. So why would someone want to become a principal? For those that are equipped to handle the day to day stresses, the challenge of running and maintaining a school can be rewarding. There is also an upgrade in pay which is a bonus. The most rewarding aspect is that you have a greater impact on the school as a whole. You are the school leader. As the leader, your daily decisions impact a larger number of students and teachers than you impacted as a classroom teacher. A principal who understands this reaps their rewards through daily growth and improvements from their students and teachers. For those who decide that they want to become a principal, the following steps must be taken to reach that goal: Earn a Bachelor’s Degree – You must earn a four-year bachelor’s degree from an accredited university. In some cases, it does not have to be an education degree as most states have an alternative certification program.Obtain a Teaching License/Certification – Once you have earned a bachelor’s degree in education then, most states require you to get licensed/certified. This is typically done by taking and passing a test or series of tests in your area of specialization. If you do not have a degree in education, then check your states’ alternative certification requirements to obtain your teaching license/certification.Gain Experience as a Classroom Teacher – Most states require you to teach a certain number of years before you are able to become a school principal. This is extremely important because most people need classroom experience to have an understanding of what goes on in a school on a day to day basis. Gaining this experience i s essential to becoming an effective principal. In addition, it will be easier for teachers to relate to you and understand where you are coming from if you have classroom experience because they know you have been one of them. Gain Leadership Experience – Throughout your time as a classroom teacher, look for opportunities to sit on and/or chair committees. Visit with your building principal and let them know that you are interested in becoming a principal. Chances are they will give you some increased role to help prepare you for being in that role or at the very least you can pick their brain concerning principal best practices. Every bit of experience and knowledge will help when you land your first principal’s job.Earn a Master’s Degree – Although most principals will earn a Master’s degree in an area such as educational leadership, there are states that allow you to become a principal with a combination of any master’s degree, the required teaching experience, along with passing the license/certification process. Most people will continue to teach full time while taking master’s courses part time until they earn their degree. Many school administration m asters’ programs now cater to teacher’s offering one night a week courses. The summer can be used to take additional classes to expedite the process.   The final semester typically involves an internship with hands-on training that will give you a snapshot of what a principals job actually entails. Obtain a School Administrator License/Certification – This step is remarkably similar to the process for getting your teacher license/certification. You must pass a test or series of tests related to the specific area you want to be a principal in whether that be an elementary, a middle level, or a high school principal.Interview for a Principal’s Job – Once you have earned your license/certification, then it is time to start looking for a job. Do not be discouraged if you do not land one as quickly as you thought. Principal’s jobs are intensely competitive and can be difficult to land. Go into every interview confident and prepared. As you interview, remember that as they are interviewing you, you are interviewing them. Do not settle for a job. You do not want a job at a school which you do not genuinely want with all the stress a principal’s job can bring.   While searching for a principals job, gain valuable administrator experience by voluntee ring to help out your building principal.   More than likely they will be willing to allow you to continue on in an internship type of role. This type of experience will boost your resume and give you terrific on the job training. Land a Principal’s Job – Once you get an offer and have accepted it, the real fun begins. Come in with a plan but remember that no matter how well you feel you have been prepared, there will be surprises. There are new challenges and issues that arise each and every day. Never get complacent. Continue to search for ways to grow, do your job better, and make improvements to your building.

About Richard Neutra and the Architecture of Modernism

About Richard Neutra and the Architecture of Modernism Born and educated in Europe, Richard Joseph Neutra helped introduced the International Style to America, and also introduced Los Angeles design to Europe. His southern California firm envisioned many office buildings, churches, and cultural centers, but Richard Neutra is best known for his experiments in modern residential architecture. Background: Born: April 8, 1892 in Vienna, Austria Died: April 16, 1970 Education: Technical Academy, ViennaUniversity of Zà ¼rich Citizenship: Neutra became a US citizen in 1930, as the Nazis and Communists rose to power in Europe. Neutra is said to have studied with both Adolf Loos as a student in Europe and Frank Lloyd Wright when Neutra came to America in the 1920s. The simplicity of Neutras organic designs is evidence of this early influence. Selected Works: 1927-1929: Lovell House, Los Angeles, California1934: Anna Stern House, CA1934: Beard House, Altadena, CA1937: Miller House, Palm Springs, CA1946-1947: Kaufmann Desert House, Palm Springs, CA1947-1948: Tremaine House, Santa Barbara, CA1959: Oyler House, Lone Pine, CA1962: Cyclorama Building at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania1964: The Rice House, Richmond, Virginia Related People: Le CorbusierWalter GropiusPhilip JohnsonLudwig Mies van der RoheAdolf LoosFrank Lloyd WrightRudolf Schindler More About Richard Neutra: Homes designed by Richard Neutra combined Bauhaus modernism with Southern California building traditions, creating a unique adaptation that became known as Desert Modernism. Neutras houses were dramatic, flat-surfaced industrialized-looking buildings placed into a carefully arranged landscape. Constructed with steel, glass, and reinforced concrete, they were typically finished in stucco. The Lovell House (1927-1929) created a sensation in architectural circles in both Europe and America. Stylistically, this important early work was similar to the work of Le Corbusier and Mies van der Rohe in Europe. Architecture Professor Paul Heyer wrote that the house was a landmark in modern architecture in that it showed the potential of industry to go way beyond mere utilitarian considerations. Heyer describes the Lovell House construction: It began with a prefabricated light steel frame that was erected in forty hours. The floating floor planes, constructed of expanded metal reinforced and covered by concrete applied from a compressed air gun, were suspended by slender steel cables from the roof frame; they express the changes of floor level strongly, following the contours of the site. The swimming pool, at the lowest level, was also suspended within the steel frame, from U-shaped reinforced concrete cradles.- Architects on Architecture: New Directions in America by Paul Heyer, 1966, p. 142 Later in his career, Richard Neutra designed a series of elegant pavilion-style homes composed of layered horizontal planes. With extensive porches and patios, the homes appeared to merge with the surrounding landscape. The Kaufmann Desert House (1946-1947) and the Tremaine House (1947-48) are important examples of Neutras pavilion houses. Architect Richard Neutra was on the cover of Time magazine, August 15, 1949, with the heading, What will the neighbors think?   The same question was asked of southern California architect Frank Gehry when he remodeled his own house in 1978. Both Gehry and Neutra had a confidence that many took as arrogance. Neutra, in fact, was nominated for an AIA Gold Medal during his lifetime, but was not awarded the honor until 1977- seven years after his death. Learn More: Neutra: Complete WorksThe Oyler House: Richard Neutras Desert Retreat directed by Mike Dorsey, DVD, 46 minutesRichard Neutra: And The Search for Modern Architecture by Thomas S. Hines, Rizzoli, 2006Neutra by Barbara Lamprecht, 2004Richard Neutra: Mà ¶bel Furniture by Barbara Lamprecht, 2015Life and Shape: The Autobiography of Richard NeutraThe Drawings of Richard Neutra by Thomas S. Hines, Architectural Digest, February 28, 1993